Tag Archives: MARC CHAVANNES

In Other Words … Season 2, Episode 27

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The Bubble Wrap story is (probably) going to be on this Sunday’s (7/30) episode of “The Mega-Brands That Built America.”

Mr. DeMille, about that close-up …

The history of Bubble Wrap is scheduled to be part of the “The World Delivered” episode of The Mega-Brands That Built America this Sunday, July 30, at 10 p.m. Eastern and Pacific time. It streams the next day on History.com. Here’s a link to the episodes.

The stories that will be featured are Jim Casey of UPS; Al Fielding and Marc Chavannes of Bubble Wrap; and Frederick Smith of FedEx.

Here’s the official blurb:

100 years ago, shipping packages was slow, and shipping overnight was impossible, until two Seattle
brothers risk everything to reinvent shipping packages for all. And a tenacious Yale graduate creates a
world-famous express delivery service that transforms shipping into the essential global industry we rely
on today.

Two Seattle brothers are cool. Tenacious Yale graduates are sexy. An old white man (me) talking about two other, older, white men (my father and Mr. Chavannes, as I always knew him) — that’s neither cool nor sexy.

I’m the only “expert” they interviewed for the Bubble Wrap segment. Last week’s episode rounded up the usual suspects of expert commentators — professors of marketing, retail historians, the resident funny guy with the eye-roll and one-liners. All have talked about their subjects many times before on other “That Built America” series.

This wasn’t exactly my first time on TV, but it was the first for a major production. During the pandemic I was interviewed via Zoom for a German show about accidental inventions. (You can only see that if you’re in Germany.) In the fall of 2021, Discovery Plus interviewed me for their “Inventions That Changed History” series but never used it.

And once, about 30 years ago, I appeared on a minor Connecticut TV station for an interview about the state economy. My daughters have seen a videotape of this show and said I did a good job. If so, that’s because the other guest did all the talking.

I’ve already told you that I thought the studio session was a disaster. If they are able to salvage anything, I’m guessing it will be one or more of these:

Introducing myself.
Describing how Bubble Wrap is made.
Describing the personalities of Al and Marc.
Talking about a web press.
Summing up how Marc’s search for the perfect raincoat and Al’s creativity to make it happen created the protective packaging industry we know today.

If you see it, I’d love to answer questions or hear what you think. Contact me in the comments below or through the form on the Meet Your Host page.

Meanwhile …

I spent most of my writing time this week working behind the scenes on the Bubble Wrap book project. I’m up to page 80 of what I expect will be about 120 pages of manuscript (plus illustrations and sources).

In the coming week, I wrap up posting about the journal entries from my first year as a freelance writer. After that, the journal takes a month off before resuming in September. Then it tells a very different story of a young writer becoming a local newsman. It includes less about freelance/fiction writing simply because I was so busy as a reporter and editor, which I continued doing for most of the rest of my career.

Is that something you’d like to read? Let me know in the comments below and I’ll see where it goes from here.

And if you’ve enjoyed this if-I-knew-then-what-I-know-now series and think I should turn it into a book, let me know that too, and tell me why.

Thanks for stopping by!

In Other Words … Season 2, Episode 26

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Reading Time: 2 minutes

The big news of the week: I have confirmation that Bubble Wrap will be featured in the July 30 episode of History’s new series, “The Mega-Brands That Built America.”

When the producers interviewed me in May about the invention of Bubble Wrap, they hinted that the segment will appear with the stories of major shipping companies like Fedex. That will be the second episode, “The World Delivered.” It features Jim Casey and UPS; Al Fielding and Marc Chavannes of Bubble Wrap; and Frederick Smith of FedEx. It will air July 30.

The series premiere, July 23 at 10 p.m. Eastern and Pacific, is called “Battle of the Superstores.” It will feature Sol Price of Fed Mart and Price Club; Jim Sinegal of Costco; and Sam Walton of Walmart and Sam’s Club.

The other two episodes this season are about sports and hygiene. “A Whole New Ballgame” on August 6 will feature baseball’s Albert Goodwill Spalding and the Rawlings Brothers; basketball’s Dr. James Naismith; and Thomas Wilson of the Wilson football. On August 13, “Dirty Work” will feature Harley Procter and James Gamble’s Ivory Soap and Jacob Schick and King C. Gillette’s razors.

Check your local listings, but it looks like new episodes show Sundays at 10 p.m. Eastern and Pacific. The previous week’s episodes show again Sundays at 9. They stream the next day on History.com, its app, and video on demand platforms.

Here’s a sneak preview (although sadly, I’m not sexy enough to be in it):

“The Mega-Brands That Built America” launches Sunday. My interview about Bubble Wrap shows up next week, July 30.

As you can imagine, I’m focused this week on finishing off the draft of my history of the invention of Bubble Wrap. I have some uninterrupted blocks of time to concentrate on that project.

Meanwhile, though, I’m wrapping up the series of blog posts about my 1979 launch as a freelance writer. Those wind down in August, and I’ll have a breather before I move forward with another project or series.

I’ll keep you posted!

In Other Words: Season 2, Episode 14 — ‘Intermission’

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Reading Time: 2 minutes

Spring comes to Lake Champlain in North Hero, Vermont, on April 9, 2021. You can spot peaks of the Adirondacks, including Whiteface, on the far side. By Howard Fielding. Offered under Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

Last week, I posted that on that date in 2018 I had retired from the newspaper after about 35 years. It seemed like an appropriate time because it was also April Fool’s Day and Easter, the day of Resurrection, hope, and new beginnings.

And here it is Easter again. It’s also Passover for my Jewish friends and Ramadan on the Islamic calendar. All three holidays are movable feasts based on the lunar calendars of their respective cultures. So to those who celebrate in this way, blessings be with you.

For me, this is a good time for a brief intermission.

For the past several months, this blog has been focusing on my journal entries from when I first became a freelance writer, and the lessons I learned from them (or didn’t).

At this point, the journal becomes more personal and less professional as I focus on living arrangements and planning a themed birthday party. I still have to figure out how to deal with the party, which provided some life lessons that maybe I don’t want to revisit in a public forum.

On the professional side, it deals with my breakout assignments with my first newspaper, the Journal Opinion of Bradford, Vermont. The life lessons there are about first jobs and life in a small newspaper. That would be fodder for a different series entirely, one that perhaps I’ll explore next year if I can’t keep up this season.

I need this time off from blogging so I can complete my next big project: a history of the invention of Bubble Wrap. I intend to self-publish a short book on the subject to coordinate with my interview for The History Channel, which is coming up in early May.

Behind the scenes, I’ll be regrouping my research, rewriting the text, and spending a surprising amount of time indexing my sources. The book will be breezy and non-technical, but will explain what I know about the work my father and his partner did together over nearly a decade that eventually led to the invention that we all know today.

There’s more to be told, of course. I particularly want to try to track down family members of Marc A. Chavannes, who was the visionary behind these projects. But for now, all I have to go from is personal stories and public record. It’s enough to publish a first edition, anyway.

So … thank you for joining me on this trip down Memory Lane. I hope you’ve enjoyed it and perhaps learned something from it. I know I have. And no, it’s not done yet. I think these journals will lead to some insights about learning the craft of journalism.

And I still haven’t found what I’m looking for: clues to what motivated me to take up a second draft of my play. My next project depends on that information, so stay tuned!

Happy Bubble Wrap Appreciation Day!

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Sealed Air Corporation’s first AirCap (aka Bubble Wrap) production line in Hawthorne, New Jersey, circa 1960. Image courtesy Sealed Air Corporation.

No, it’s not an official national holiday, but it does always take place on a Monday, so there’s that much. Bubble Wrap Appreciation Day, the last Monday in January, honors the packing material so pop-ular that it was a finalist for the 2016 Toy Hall of Fame.

Alfred Fielding designed the vacuum cylinder system that puts the bubbles into Bubble Wrap. (Source: Sealed Air Corporation annual report, 1994.)

If it’s a toy — children and adults the world over seem to think it is — then I was probably the first kid to ever play with it. My father, Alfred Fielding, designed the machine that made the stuff. He and Swiss chemical engineer Marc Chavannes worked in a small rented garage in Hawthorne, New Jersey, to develop the prototype. You can read about them here and here.

Today, the company they founded, Sealed Air Corporation, is a highly diversified international manufacturer of protective packaging and even medical products. Sealed Air is still the world’s largest manufacturer of the bubbly cushioning material and still holds the brand of Bubble Wrap. Other companies have made imitation bubble wraps since the original patents expired in the 1980s. Meanwhile, Sealed Air put its extensive Research and Development resources into finding ways to make their products recyclable and economical.

To think that it all started in a small factory on a flood plain of the Passaic River in Hawthorne, New Jersey. And I was there — because of my pop!

So have a happy Bubble Wrap Appreciation Day! Celebrate with something appropriately bubbly!

The Bubble Wrap back story (Readers Digest Condensed Version)

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Reading Time: 2 minutes

Sorry to burst your bubble: The inventors of Bubble Wrap didn’t set out to make wallpaper. A Sealed Air Corporation spokesman once told that story to the Associated Press. And it’s true, as far as it goes.

But the back story starts 20 years earlier, with the Great Depression and the events leading up to World War II. It starts with Marc Chavannes, a Swiss banker and diplomat whose family fortune dissolved in the Depression.

Chavannes, then in his 30s, retrained as a chemical engineer. He and a partner filed patents in Switzerland, France, and Germany for waterproofing textiles with latex or other coatings. His goal: a lightweight waterproof fabric that would “breathe.”

A synthetic material that could be impermeable to water but still comfortable would have been valuable to the Nazis. Chavannes fled Geneva to the U.S. just after Germany invaded Poland in 1939.

Fielding, about 20 years his junior, graduated that same year from Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, New Jersey. He worked as an engineer and planner for a metal job shop during World War II. After the war, he was plant manager of a large machine shop just outside New York City. As plant manager, he would have been responsible for designing and building machines for customers.

That is probably where the two inventors met.

Chavannes settled in New York City, and later in the suburbs, and continued his work in synthetic fibers and fabrics. He obtained several patents for waterproof fibers, but the patents did not include detail for making the product. Meanwhile, chemical giant DuPont, which had launched nylon and artificial latex, continued to make and market its own artificial textiles including Teflon, Orlon, Dacron, and Mylar.

Someone, possibly Fielding, realized that making a waterproof fabric from synthetic threads would be impossible because no matter how tightly woven the textile, there would always be the problem of seepage. They shifted their focus to making textured plastic sheets. Each step in this process — embossing a pattern, perforating the sheets, and eventually laminating two sheets together into a single product — brought them closer to Chavannes’ goal.

Finally, in 1955, Chavannes filed a patent for a “Fabric and Method of Manufacture” that solved the problem of a breathable, waterproof fabric by layering two sheets with different perforation patterns. Air could pass through but water couldn’t.

Patent 2,851,390, “Fabric and Method of Manufacture,” granted September 9, 1958, was Marc Chavannes’ breakthrough in creating a fabric that is breathable but impermeable to water.

The two-layer process of making a material was probably what attracted the attention of the designer who requested a textured wallpaper. But it took time to research, develop, and build the machines to make a specific product. At that point, the inventors were turning out patents for new processes and machines about once a year.

Their next patent said the material they created was suitable for a number of different products, including wallpaper. By then, though, the interior designer had lost interest.

Despite its versatility, the new product never got much traction in the marketplace. Eventually, though, they hit on the idea of a cushioning material.

And the rest is history.

Week in Review: Week 48

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Reading Time: 3 minutes

This week I got to participate, vicariously, in a book launch on Amazon’s Kindle Direct Publishing (KDP).

Many, if not most, independent authors already know about KDP, which is the dominant platform for indies.

I tried it myself as a possible platform for a collection of short “Living Here” essays, but decided to hold them for a rewrite. So when ShawnaLee Waterbury-Kwashnak, an artist (and now author) friend, asked about quick and professional ways to publish her first book, I suggested KDP. Together we spent two weeks with back-and-forth emails hammering out the final details. In doing so, she learned about book publishing and I learned about art. Win-win.

I also took the opportunity to visit an exhibition of the artist’s works at the Kellogg Environmental Center in Derby, Connecticut. It’s important for an editor or collaborator to get to know as much as possible about the subject — and the collaborator — as possible. Plus, it’s a good exhibition! It’s open through the end of December.

She submitted the book to KDP late on Wednesday. I was able to order a copy on Friday morning. It arrived at my doorstep Sunday morning before we left for church.

That. Is. Fast.

Because I had already read the 40-page book several times over, I was able to submit a review even before I’d received the book. The review took about three weeks to post, but here it is. Amazon is careful about its reviews and reviewers to avoid stuffing the ballot box. When I know an author, I am always careful to say so. This is the first time I also was a contributor to the book I was reviewing, and I said so. That may be why the Amazon moderators took their time.

(For the record, I gave it 4 stars. It’s a strong first effort, but we were both on a steep learning curve and the subject matter will be mostly of interest to the artist, her students, and their friends and families.)

My copy of “Pandemic Portraiture” arrived on my doorstep early Sunday, less than four days after it was uploaded. It was printed in nearby North Haven, Connecticut.

A different recipe

It’s the second book I’ve edited for a friend. The first was “RECIPES FOR A GOOD RIDE: The Toymaker’s Cafe Cookery Book,” published two years ago by a small press. This was a project by the owners of a small restaurant in northwest Connecticut that was popular with motorcyclists.

That project involved three authors (the two restaurant owners and my friend, a motorcycle and travel writer) and a book designer/typesetter. I was the proofreader, but soon discovered that everyone had a different take on style. So as part of the proofreading process, I made extensive style notes to the typesetter.

That one took about four months from the time I sent the copy to the designer and the time the book arrived in my mailbox (via motorcycle). Everything came out all right in the end, but this was a case of too many cooks spoiling the broth.

In other news this week, I pressed on with my work about the Bubble Wrap back story, which is turning into a series of blog posts. I think I’ve figured out how and approximately when Marc Chavannes and Alfred Fielding first started working together. I also had the fun of writing my father’s biography, with details I had never known.

That project is taking longer than expected, but I have a slight reprieve on my deadline. My interview with The History Channel will now be sometime in January. I should be well-researched and well-rehearsed by then.

Week in Review: Week 47

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The sun rises from the south-southeast on a snow-coated field on Thanksgiving Day, 2022, in North Hero, Vermont. Offered under Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

This was Thanksgiving week here in the United States. Americans have dabbled with thanksgiving feasts since our earliest settlements, but our national holiday dates to 1863. Shortly after the victory at Gettysburg during the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln declared a national day of thanksgiving to God on the last Thursday of that November.

But the declaration itself sounds more like a day of atonement and mourning than of thanksgiving:

Text of Lincoln’s 1863 proclamation. (National Park Service.)

I do therefore invite my fellow citizens in every part of the United States, …to set apart and observe the last Thursday of November next, as a day of Thanksgiving… And I recommend to them that while offering up the ascriptions justly due to Him …, they do also, with humble penitence for our national perverseness and disobedience, commend to his tender care all those who have become widows, orphans, mourners or sufferers in the lamentable civil strife in which we are unavoidably engaged, and fervently implore the interposition of the Almighty Hand to heal the wounds of the nation and to restore it as soon as may be consistent with Divine purposes to the full enjoyment of peace, harmony, tranquility and Union.

— Abraham Lincoln’s Thanksgiving Proclamation

Today, in these times of conflict and mourning, we again yearn for that peace, harmony, tranquility and Union.

Modern Thanksgivings are comic tragedies of tension, travel, parades, and commercialism. We put up with all this to focus on food and family.

It’s time to bring faith back into the Thanksgiving recipe, as Lincoln called on us to do nearly eight score years ago.

Behind the scenes …

In addition to celebrating Thanksgiving with family, I continued my research on how Marc Chavannes met Alfred Fielding on the road to Bubble Wrap. Those details will appear in a series of posts in the next couple of weeks.

I devoted most of my work time this week to editing a short book by an artist friend about her grant-supported project teaching pandemic portraiture classes. This afternoon we caught a show of her works, including some that were in the book. I’ll try to share more information about that project in the next weeks as well.

The two posts that did appear this week were scheduled in advance. The Mayflower Compact appeared on the anniversary of that key document, the first time settlers to the New World agreed to form a “body politic” for the common good. Modern historians disagree about the stories of “the first Thanksgiving.” Many criticize the settlers of 1621 and their descendants for their treatment of native peoples. And of course many other refugees from Europe had settled in North America before them.

But none were faced with the prospect of governing themselves. Previous colonists came under the rules of sponsoring governments or companies. Unsure of their location, far from their chartered lands, these people had to figure it out for themselves. We’ve been doing that ever since.

“Time to Move On,” an excerpt from my journal entries of 44 years earlier, piqued more curiosity of writers and personal friends. It marked the day that I decided I had to move from my family homestead to venture out on my own as a freelancer. I didn’t realize at the time that I could both freelance to pay the bills and be a creative writer.

As someone once quipped: The most important resource a writer can have is a supportive spouse with a full-time job. Unfortunately, in my bachelor days all I had was a dictionary and a typewriter.

This young couple shops for their first Thanksgiving dinner together. November 21, 2022, Newtown, Connecticut. By Howard Fielding. Offered under Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

Week in Review: Week 46

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Cover of Alfred Fielding’s master’s thesis, 1943. From the archives of Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, N.J. (Fielding, Alfred William. 1943. “A Case Study of Production Control in a Job Shop.” Dissertation.)

This week’s lesson: The research librarian is your friend. That’s not news to me; I’m married to one.

But as part of my research into the back story of the creation of Bubble Wrap, I needed to connect the dots of how the two inventors met. I had a good timeline with documentation for Marc Chavannes, but not enough on my own father, Alfred Fielding.

Alfred W. Fielding yearbook portrait, 1939. Stevens Institute of Technology archives.

To connect the dots, I needed to find out what he did after graduating from Stevens Institute of Technology in 1939. I knew Chavannes entered the U.S. from Switzerland that same year. And I knew that my father continued to teach at Stevens as an instructor until he earned his master’s degree in 1943.

I needed to fill in the dots between that year and 1950, when he formed the Fielding Machine Company and started designing and building the machines for Chavannes. Sealed Air Corporation, the company they founded, had no records from before the founding. Our family papers had nothing from that period. If he took any documents when my parents divorced in the 1970s, they were probably lost when his widow died two years ago.

On the off chance that my father or his wife might have left his papers to Stevens, I contacted Leah Loscutoff, Head of Archives & Special Collections at the Samuel C. Williams Library at Stevens.

On the job

As it turns out, no, his alma mater doesn’t have my father’s personal or professional papers. But they did have his master’s thesis. (Fielding, Alfred William. 1943. “A Case Study of Production Control in a Job Shop.” Dissertation.)

A job shop is a business that operates machine shops to manufacture parts to order. A versatile production work force operates the machines, with a larger number of engineers, designers, and planners to take the orders, reconfigure the machines, and turn the jobs around quickly. He based his thesis on his experience in a variety of positions at a growing job shop where he was promoted to head the new planning department.

The author was fortunate in having a large share in installing the present control system. After serving in various technical capacities in both the shop and engineering departments he was made head of the newly created Planning Department, with instructions to develop systems necessary for control. How this was done is described in the following pages.
Fielding, Alfred William, “A Case Study of Production Control in a Job Shop.”

The Stevens archives also contained his alumni file from 1970, in which he outlined his curriculum vitae. He left the job shop in 1943 and went to work for an engineering firm until 1947, when he opened a machine shop with a partner. He bought out the partner in 1950 and renamed the business the Fielding Machine Company.

Looking ahead

I will post more about my father and Marc Chavannes working together on the products leading up to Bubble Wrap. Meanwhile, this was enough to answer some questions about how the two met. And I found it at the library!

In addition to the Stevens research, this week I continued writing the Chavannes story. It’s almost complete to the point of the big bubble breakthrough in the 1950s, but it’s getting long. I’ll probably break it into two, perhaps three, separate posts in the coming weeks.

I also continued re-reading and excerpting my journals from 1978, which include some turning points in my path to a writing career. Those will turn up here in the coming month in the hope they’ll give some insight or inspiration to aspiring writers. And as a pre-Thanksgiving treat, we’ll look at the Mayflower Compact, the first agreement to form a “body politic” and to abide by the laws that would be established for the “general good of the colony.”

See you then!

Week in Review: Week 44

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A brave autumn crocus fights through the leaves in Southbury, Connecticut, November 5, 2022. By Howard Fielding. Offered under Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. By Howard Fielding. Offered under Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

My, how time has flown. Has it been a week already?

No, obviously not. But I am trying to keep to the schedule of a weekly accounting on Saturday or Sunday, so here it is.

Deadlines are important. I learned that through my journalism career, facing a weekly Thursday due date for my “Living Here” Sunday column. I didn’t always make it, forcing me to run either a “Best of” from the archives or a sheepish apology the next week. Both are bad practice.

Truly clever columnists like my former coworker Tracey O’Shaughnessy, whose “Reflections” still are a staple of The Sunday Republican, never have this problem. She would write two or three weeks in advance and always have a few tucked away. Many weeks she would have several to choose from if something was breaking that would make one more timely than the rest.

I know because I was her editor for about a year. I should have learned from a master.

I’m doing the next best thing, perhaps. I’m writing and scheduling posts to this blog in advance, so they will be timely. The Week in Review pieces won’t work in that format, so I do them when I can.

This week, my sad (or perhaps inspirational) story of the computer crash from last week’s Week in Review brought a frustrated Facebook comment from my computer consultant. “CLOUD STORAGE AND/OR BACKUP!!!!!!!! Aiiaiaiiaiaiagggghhhhh!! ” he wrote. Actually, I do both. I was only out of commission because of some password recovery problems.

My post on “The Season with No Name” brought another Facebook comment from our daughter in Vermont, who said it’s called “Stick Season” and even has a song. I know that Vermont has at least six seasons: Winter, Mud, Spring, Summer, Fall, Mud. If you include Sap Time, Slush, and a few others, you might get as many as a dozen.

Behind the scenes, I’ve been working on a long and detailed post about the patents that led up to the creation of Bubble Wrap. If that sounds boring, consider this: Swiss inventor Marc A. Chavannes was working for years on something that could have been valuable to the Nazis if they could get it. He escaped from Europe shortly before the invasion of Poland and came to the U.S. via Canada in 1939.

I’ve also been able to get back to work on “Harry Houdini and the Witch of Beacon Hill.” I’m giving it a read-through as I lead up to the chapter where I left off.

Until next time …

Week in Review: Week 42

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“Southbury Sunset,” October 21, 2022.By Howard Fielding. Offered under Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

Despite the lack of posts, it was a productive week on multiple fronts.

First, the extra time from the postponement of my interview with The History Channel allowed me to dive deeper into the Bubble Wrap origin story. I now have a new theory that makes sense given family history and a history of the inventors. Marc Chavannes had numerous European patents before coming to the U.S., and all point to a very different goal than we thought.

I’ll post about that later. It also gave me time to contact the current management of Sealed Air Corporation about the company history. Most of the original team have passed on by now. The current team are all younger than the original Bubble Wrap. For that matter, I was only a toddler when the first bubble came out of a machine.

Second, I pressed on in my journals and got some more fodder for posts from a young writer. The personal journals go on for one or more pages a day. The desk calendars, though, kept only entries about written projects. There’s nothing about the “Margery” play in 1978 or 1979, except to set a goal at the beginning of 1979 to finish the play by the end of the year. Shortcutting through the desk calendars spared me many hours of reading two years’ worth of the personal books.

I didn’t even open “Margery” in 1979. Most of that year was spent freelancing, job-hunting, and working for local newspapers, just as I had set out to do. It wasn’t until 1981 that I started making notes about rewriting/retyping the play. So that gave me material to close the next chapter in “Harry Houdini and the Witch of Beacon Hill,” the book I am writing about writing the play.

Next week: More research on the history of Sealed Air, both for this blog and the interview. I’m also following up on an opportunity to volunteer writing and website building for a nonprofit. Deadline work on a church project will take up the rest of the time. I always put my clients first before my own work, and God is client #1.

Meanwhile …

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A different recipe

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Behind the scenes …

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On the job

Looking ahead

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